Malaysian Legal System Introduction to Law

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA-FAKULTI FILEM TEATER & ANIMASI-ZOOM NOTES MALAYSIAN levelheaded SYSTEM+INTRODUCTION TO LAW Sources of Lawstatutes, law reports, text books, apparitional beliefs, local customs, opinion of jurists ? Law & MoralityOverlaps/Differs from Society e. g-gayism/illicit samsu-Swak/Psular ? Law & Justice push justice & depends on locality e. g rampancy ? Federal Constitution (lex locci)/Written Constitution ? Highest Law of the drop ?Malaysian/human rights/liberty ?Any laws against the Federal Constitution-null & void ? e. retrospective penal provision/ exertion by the same offence/represented by a legal practitioner 24hrs MALAYSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM-MAXIMCHECK & BALANCE/MONTESQIEU ?JUDICIARY ?EXECUTIVE ?LEGISTLATIVE TYPES OF LAW ?Written Law-e. g. acts/ offhand Law-e. g. courts decicion ? Public Lawe. g. distressing law/Private Lawe. g. contract law ? Binding PrecedentHigher Court binds the cast down ?PersuasivePrecedentCourts of the same level persuasive LAW OF CON TRACT ELEMENTS- 1. Offer To be distinguished from invitation to treat advertising 2.Acceptance 3. Intention to create legal relationship Mere promise for lunch treat is NOT covering 4. Consideration Except Natural Love & Affectione. g. Father to Son 5. Certainty 6. Capacity-Sound Mind humble General principle is not binding & restricted to the followings ? contracts for necessarieseg contracts to have food, clothes & purpose of education. ?contracts for scholarship a scholarship agreementis valid. ?contracts for insurance under the Insurance Act,1963, an infant over the age of 10 may enter into a contract of insurance.H/e, if he is below 16, he can only do so with the written consent of his parents or guardian. CONTRACT VALIDSAH VOIDBATAL VODABLEBOLEH BATAL VOIDABLEIf proven the existence of these elements ?compulsion(paksaan) ?UNDUE INFLUENCE(tidak sewajar atau sepatutnya) ?FRAUD(penipuan) ?MISREPRESENTATION(gambaran yang salah) ?MISTAKE(kesilapan) LAW OF TORTS ELEMENTSDUTY OF C ARE- NOT TO BREACHED/TO ACT moderately 1. NEGLIGENCE 2. TRESPASS Trespass to person/trespass to land / goods. Trespass to persons ? Assault ?battery paradoxical imprisonment. TRESSPASSERS SHALL BE liable(p)NOTPROSECUTED 3. NUISANCE i. public nuisance ii. private nuisance. 4. DEFAMATION ?LIBEL- publication ?SLANDER-words ? usual DEFENCES (EXCEPTIONS) NEGATING LIABILITY IN TORT 1)VOLENTI NON FIT INJURIA 2)MISTAKE 3)INEVITABLE ACCIDENT 4)ACT OF GOD 5) privy DEFENCE. 6)NECESSITY 7)STATUTORY CONTRACT TORT 2 sides/ parties Maybe More than 2parties Written/Unwritten No written aggreement required Remedy Damages Remedy Damages vocation Contractual Duty Duty Duty of Care federation,PARTNERSHIP & SOLE PROPRIETOR SOLE PROPRIETOR SOLE PROPRIETOR-ENTERPRISE REGISTRATION-LOW FEES EASY TO function MOST COMMON BUSINESS/INDIVIDUAL/ENTERPRISE= SAME ENTITY RESOURCESOWN/FRIENDS/FAMILY 1 MAN delegate FAST ON DECISION-START/CEASE OPERATE FROM HOME/NO OFFICE PARTNERSHIP PARTNERSHIP-TEAM UPRESOURCE S-TANGIBLE/in distinct BIGGER SCALE RESOURCES-TANGIBLE/INTANGIBLE POPULAR AMONG PROFESSIONALS LIABILITY/PROFIT SHARED PARTNERSHIP- NO AGREEMENT-PRESUMPTION=EQUALLY LIABLE PARTNERSHIP-WITH AGREEMENT-ACCORDING TO AGREEMENT PARTNER ACTING ON BEHALF OF PARTNERSHIP-BINDING PERSONAL ASSET=LIABLE COMPANY COMPANY-SEPARATE ENTITY RESOURCES-CAPITAL-PAID UP/ authorise DOCUMENTATIONSMEMORANDUM/ARTICLE REGISTERED OFFICE COSTLY COMPANY SECRETARY RESOLUTIONS-LOANS? FINANCING? PERSONAL ASSET/COMPANY ASSET AUDITED /ANNUAL MEETING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY * REAL PRORERTY- Building/chattels/land/house=tangible PERSONAL PROPERTY-Jewelleries,laptops,handphones/cars=tangible * INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY-theintangibleproduct of one persons work by hand/brain against unauthorized use or exploitation by another ? Berne procure Convention1886135countries PROTECTION-INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYe. g. to be protected ?PATENT ?TRADEMARK ?INDUSTRIAL DESIGN ? clandestine IN impressATION ?TRADE SECRET ?COPYRIGHT ?GEOGRAPHICAL IN DICATOR ?INTERGRATED CIRCUIT ?INDUSTRIALDESIGN particle 7 of the Act, Copyright Act includes ?literary works ?musical works ?artistic works ?films ? gravid recordings broadcasts PRE REQUISITE FOR PROTECTION Sec 7 (3)ORIGINAL/GENUINE Sec 8 (3)MATERIAL FORM Sec 17DURATION50 YRS AFTER DEATH MULTIMEDIA LAW Technology * A body of knowledge used to create tools, develop skills & extract or collect materials * An evolution of thought * Impacting the world-creating new wealth, reshaping economy & social policy General-NewMedia * Email * Social network * Video conference * digitalisation -Nothing can replace face to face communication -Cost effective-travel/ accessible large group -New skills required very(prenominal) effect-on line & off line -Virtual -No barrier Privacy The right to be left unsocial Tresspass to- * Personal Data-biological/genetics DNA /banks * Freedom-human rights * Privacy-private life Remedy ?Federal Constitution ?Civil Proceedings ? penal Code ?Personal Data Prot ection Act ?Communication & Multimedia Act Malaysian regulativeBody Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Multimedia-THE AUTHORITY e. g. All cellular phone accounts need to be registered JURISDICTION mooring/courier Energy Telecoms Digital certification authorities